A Daily Dose of Architecture
(Almost) daily architectural musings from New York City
Friday, August 31, 2007
A ball pit (?!) in MIT's Simmons Hall dormitory by Steven Holl.
To contribute your Flickr images for consideration, just:
:: Join and add photos to the archidose pool, and/or
:: Tag your photos archidose
Labels: today's archidose
3 Comments:
- At Friday, August 31, 2007 11:12:00 AM, Paula said...
-
Gross. Cute idea, but how often do you think those things get cleaned?
- At Friday, August 31, 2007 11:58:00 AM, lastwurd said...
-
that and what do you think goes on in there? yikes!
- At Tuesday, September 04, 2007 1:57:00 AM, said...
-
hopefully not too much fondling of balls!
Thursday, August 30, 2007
Wait five seconds and the faces below will change from serious to, well, something else. Wait five more seconds and they're back to serious and ready to get some work done. These are the employees of Gordon Kipping Architects, a New York-based office that focuses on the intersection of technology and architecture. Visit their site to see the faces larger and as intended, their changing demeanor enabled by a mouseover, rather than an animated gif.

These changing faces show the personalities of those involved, but more importantly they also show how the technology-minded work is created by and for people. It humanizes the firm's work in a way that hopefully comes across in their designs.
Labels: firm faces
5 Comments:
- At Thursday, August 30, 2007 9:59:00 AM, LCerre said...
-
I'm noticing the trend too.
It seems like all architecture firms are incorporating photos (sometimes quirky snapshots) of their employees to make the company feel all the more tenable.
I posted the Karsamaki church on my blog...I couldn't take my eyes off it. - At Thursday, August 30, 2007 10:27:00 AM, said...
-
8 people wearing black, serious clothes... no makeup, almost no jewlary... they must be architects! :)
- At Friday, August 31, 2007 9:08:00 AM, archipelagoes said...
-
I bet that they were asked to wear the black "uniforms". And probably, they get ordered not to laugh...
I once heard about an office with a dog, where the dog also got a prominent place on the site, and an own e-mailaddress and everything. It's probably all about coming across as being more personable, but I can imagine it backfiring as well. - At Monday, September 10, 2007 7:07:00 AM, said...
-
ciao nora, sei bellissima, carlushi
- At Monday, September 10, 2007 7:05:00 PM, mad architect said...
-
Lundberg has pictures of everyone down to the office dogs on their site with funny names and tid bits to boot
Wednesday, August 29, 2007
Steven Holl appeared on Charlie Rose last month, shortly after his addition to the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City opened. Holl's design -- officially called the Bloch Building -- was given a fair share of coverage on this page, though none since it's opening, so I provide the interview below.
Also be sure to check out Tyler Green's seven-part coverage of the opening -- starting here and with links to all posts here. He calls it the best American museum since Piano's Menil.
Wooden church of Kärsämäki (2004) by Anssi Lassila, the winner of a student competition organized at the Department of Architecture of University of Oulu
To contribute your Flickr images for consideration, just:
:: Join and add photos to the archidose pool, and/or
:: Tag your photos archidose
Labels: today's archidose
5 Comments:
- At Wednesday, August 29, 2007 9:02:00 AM, said...
-
Simple, poetically superb, harks to Asplund, Lewerentz........
- At Wednesday, August 29, 2007 5:17:00 PM, jimmy said...
-
wow. very elegant.
reminds me of the David Adjaye/Olafur Eliasson collaboration. - At Thursday, August 30, 2007 10:27:00 AM, said...
-
Look up www.lh-ark.fi for more works of him.
- At Thursday, August 30, 2007 10:43:00 AM, said...
-
It's handmade, you know. The church was built using 19th century techniques, including thousands upon thousands of handcrafted shingles and nails, made by volunteers (including Oulu University arch students). And that dark outer coat? Tarred. Smells lovely.
- At Monday, September 03, 2007 1:34:00 AM, Tovamos said...
-
This looks like a really nice place
Tuesday, August 28, 2007
"The causes of the malaise in the architectural profession may be traced back to education. Four weeks into first year and students are exposed to the barbarity of the review/crit/jury. Power, hormones, fear, vanity, genius, and individuality form a rich mix that sets the ethos for what is to come. Architectural education is still guided by the Victorian values of the (male) individual genius architect silently supplying aesthetic delights for rich patrons. The Rural Studio explicitly challenges these paradigms. It champions collaboration, communication, and process over product. It exposes students to a range of issues that they are sheltered from in normative architectural education -- group working, social responsibility, lateral thinking, building skills, new ways of building procurement, sustainability, contingent creativity. But at the same time one should not get too misty-eyed and see it as a completely non-authoritarian structure. Mockbee and his successors are far from shrinking violets; one needs this overarching vision (and it is vision, not mindless control) to avoid the work descending to a level of worthy mediocrity, as so easily could have happened."- Jeremy Till and Sarah Wigglesworth, originally published in Samuel Mockbee and the Rural Studio: Community Architecture, edited by David Moos and Gail Treschel (2003) and reprinted in Architectural Regionalism: Collected Writings on Place, Identity, Modernity, and Tradition, edited by Vincent B. Canizaro (2007).
Labels: literary dose
7 Comments:
- At Tuesday, August 28, 2007 10:30:00 AM, Sarah said...
-
I wish so much that I had known that the Rural Studio was coming into being - Auburn University is fairly local to my hometown, and I would have been in the first class. I admire that effort, and Mockbee's legacy, so very much, and hope one day I'll be able to take time away from my own practice to go work and learn from them.
- At Tuesday, August 28, 2007 2:29:00 PM, said...
-
it is beautifully put and the rural studio has the projects to back such a claim.
- At Tuesday, August 28, 2007 3:54:00 PM, said...
-
there is not a single mission (vision) statement of any american firm (or american curriculum) that does not purport the same thing. as for power, hormones, fear, vanity and the like... these are fundamental human traits we desparately flaunt as justification for our evloutionary position. The victorian age did not corner the market on natural human experience. Arrogance is an equal-opportunity character flaw not a side effect of testosterone. What will happen when the rural studio disbands or thier work no longer captures our attention... what could possibly be the cause with such a foolproof precept? The paradigm to challenge is propaganda. This paragraph is trivializing to the scope of thier effort and an insult my appreciation thereof.
- At Tuesday, August 28, 2007 5:05:00 PM, said...
-
It all just sounds like a bunch of hay to me...and I can't find my pitchfork.
- At Tuesday, August 28, 2007 10:43:00 PM, said...
-
agree with sentiments above.
mockbee was indeed an interesting kind of teacher.
but collaboration and cetera as pedagogy are as old as the bauhaus (at least) and the idea construction and collaboration are not taught elsewhere is patently absurd. the built projects we did in my uni were not for the rural poor, they were largely done for ourselves. which is in some ways a shame and in others better cuz at least we only subjected ourselves to architectural experimentation.
there is a desire here to mythologise an admittedly remarkable man that i find rather touching, but also disingenuous. it makes it hard to take what follows very seriously, whatever it might be... - At Wednesday, August 29, 2007 5:00:00 AM, said...
-
Hello
I would like to inform you about our living model of Yona Friedmans "Spatial City" in 3D Internet-World "Second Life".
Yona Friedman agreed to show "Spatial City" on virtual island "DEsign Island".
Yona Friedman, famous architect and visionary (born 1923) is called "father" of urban planners and idol of architects like Rem Kolhaas or MVRDV.
In the art scene he is well known because of his participation at "Dokumenta 11" and "Bienale Venice 2003".
"Spatial City" is the great visionary, conceptual, experimental architecture of Yona Friedman.
A city on multi levels, on which the inhabitants build their homes themselves.
And thats what we invite to the avatars of second life!
"Second Life" is very good for 3D building and building of social communities. So a living city will be developped and there will be some "life" and discussion.
We will document the whole process as the most important part of this experiment.
A virtual gallery shows Yona Friedmans ideas since 1957 to give the avatars the theoretical background of Yonas Ideas to build mobile cities by the inhabitants on structures.
We would appreciate it, if you could report on this project. Feel free to ask us for more information.
You can also participate, cooperate or just tell it others.
This is a non profit project, run by private persons.
DEsign Island in Second Life
http://slurl.com/secondlife/Culturegion/128/128/0
DEsign Island Infos in the WWW
http://www.design-island.info - At Wednesday, August 29, 2007 8:31:00 PM, John said...
-
FYI: The quote is a footnote to the following sentence: "Pedagogically, [the Rural Studio] challenges many of the accepted norms of educational behavior."
Monday, August 27, 2007
My weekly page update:

Russo Club in Talca, Chile by Felipe Assadi + Francisca Pulido Architects.
The updated book feature is Verb Natures, edited by Albert Ferré, Irene Hwang, Tomoko Sakamoto, Ramon Prat, Michael Kubo, Mario Ballesteros & Anna Tetas, and Desert America, edited by Ramon Prat, Jaime Salazar, Michael Kubo & Irene Hwang.
Some unrelated links for your enjoyment:
Architecture and the Urban Landscape
With the Cleveland Plain Dealer's Steven Litt. (added to sidebar under blogs::architecture)
Architecture Update
A page devoted to "keeping you up-to-date on architects that interest you." (added to sidebar under architectural links::online journals)
Walking is Transportation
A new blog about "walking as a means of personal mobility. The goal of this weblog is to get people to think of walking as more than exercise--as, in addition, an alternative form of transport, one that merits a place in any discussion of transportation policy and planning. Like bicycling." (added to sidebar under blogs::urban)
Sunday, August 26, 2007
The "Bluff the Listener Challenge" on this week's Wait, Wait...Don't Tell Me! -- the NPR quiz show -- is about an architectural design flaw recently in the news. In the challenge three stories are presented and only one is true. The potential design flaws are:
1. Visions of God created by optical effects at the Grand Canyon SkywalkClick here to listen to the clip and discover the the answer.
2. Upskirt glances afforded by glass stairs in Norman Foster's Hearst Tower
3. A recapitulation of Baby Jessica's ordeal at a fountain in her honor
1 Comments:
- At Sunday, August 26, 2007 10:52:00 PM, said...
-
As I recall it, Foster's name is only given once -- as "Norman Thomas" ?
Saturday, August 25, 2007
Säynätsalo Town Hall in Säynätsalo, Finland by Alvar Aalto, 1952. Compare the overgrown steps in this shot to this early photograph on the cover of Architectural Regionalism.
To contribute your Flickr images for consideration, just:
:: Join and add photos to the archidose pool, and/or
:: Tag your photos archidose
Labels: today's archidose
9 Comments:
- At Saturday, August 25, 2007 12:19:00 PM, David Sucher said...
-
So what's the story? Presumably the earlier circulation plan didn't work so they changed it? Interesting.
Other than that curiosity, is this building of any significance except for the architect's name? - At Saturday, August 25, 2007 2:41:00 PM, Gunnar said...
-
This building represents the architectural ideas of Aalto more than any other, and it is maybe Aalto's masterpiece. Besides that, I may have never seen architecture that blends in so well, where the architect perfectly understood how to insert architecture into nature, from the use of materials (red brick, also flawed ones, to create a unique and diverse pattern, and wood) to creating a patio in the middle of nowhere. I am not a 100% sure about the overgrown steps, but I suppose that this is just the deliberate and consequent progress of the building merging with its surroundings. Hope that answers your question. G.
- At Saturday, August 25, 2007 9:12:00 PM, said...
-
How to build up your architect reputation?
The answer is simple, to design some buildings which can pick up your reputation greatly. How to make the buildings famous? The famous must be greatly functional, unique, special with new style. The building should hook up the people who visits.
So how could a building like this come out? Actually, one building is a work which need to put the architect, contractor, builder and supplier together. The building will go nowhere if one of which have problem.
But architect is the Key. He can pick up which kind of material the building can use.
For a certain project, the architect need to answer a question, how to design the building to be the best with a cost limitation.
Provided that the abilities of architects are same(one architect is not much better or worse than others). the materials for the building might be the biggest working area for the architect to work on.
An architect need to pick up the doors, windows, the ceilings, the lightings, the floor tile, the wall covering, the solid surfaces, the custom furnitures, the exterior wall on the building. What the people can see is what can improve the architect reputation.
So the problem turns to one issue how to find a good material with low cost.
Take an example, architects was supposed to pick up a wood mantel for a fireplace at cost of $1500. Do some research and find a company who can make marble mantel in the same price. You can find many of these company. For example, a company named Evan’s Home Luxuries, http://www.evanshomeluxuries.com in Boston, New england area. There, some mantel is about the same price.
Another example, for a entrance wood door, some times the price runs to $8000. If you use a cooper door, brass door, bronze door with the same price, definitely it will make the building a better reputation.
Use the granite tile to substitute the ceramic tile. A lot of suppliers can do that.
Use the wrought iron fence to substitute aluminum fences. Many.
You can find it.
It is the architect home work to do the research about all the material which will be used on the building. Do not point on the contracts do your homework if you want to be famous and make your money.
Architects are busy. I know some of Architect Company begins to hire buyer to do the investigation work about the architect material. This will be a fashion. - At Sunday, August 26, 2007 12:00:00 PM, David Sucher said...
-
Thanks, Gunnar.
But I wish I could see what is so great about this work. I guess that is what "makes markets" -- differences of opinions.
As to the steps, you actually think that they designed & built the steps with the specific intention of letting them be overgrown? That's what I get out of "...I suppose that this is just the deliberate and consequent progress of the building merging with its surroundings." - At Sunday, August 26, 2007 1:18:00 PM, Gunnar said...
-
Hi David, I wouldn't go so far as to say that it was planned that way. I think it is just a result, as it started to overgrow, they figured that it can stay like this. From another point of view, you might say that because the building blends in so well with the surroundings, the overgrowing didn't disturb the architecture, it fits. I just like it that way, it makes sense, the building integrates itself into the forest even more - By the way, there is a great TV documentation on that building. It is made by the German / French TV station arte. (avaliable in English as well)
- At Wednesday, August 29, 2007 6:08:00 AM, Norman Blogster said...
-
Thanks for pointing this out - a great example of architectural mediation.
You can see from this photo that the steps aren't really steps per se, but more of a planted terrace. Whether this terrace was supposed to get quite so overgrown or not, who knows? There was a renovation of this masterpiece in the mid 90s but nevertheless, Aalto used to say that it would take 50 years before his buildings could be judged properly. And I would imagine he meant judged in the flesh rather than in a photo. More than any other architect, it is impossible to judge his buildings on photos and drawings. I never "got" Aalto as a student with all his seemingly irrational lines and random materials, but on visiting them, they are in a class of their own. I was a complete convert. He's one of those rare modern architects (from the "other tradition" that I see advertised in the right hand column) that creates buildings to be inhabited rather than photographed. - At Wednesday, August 29, 2007 11:51:00 PM, said...
-
Sure like to see a site plan. I see what you mean about the "steps" but that sure is an odd thing to do in a spot that looks like it would want circulation.
- At Thursday, August 30, 2007 4:02:00 AM, Norman Blogster said...
-
Here is an excellent resource for this building. It's still only a web page but it gives a lot of info.
- At Thursday, August 30, 2007 11:30:00 PM, said...
-
Nope, I haven't been able to find a site plan...i.e. Aalto's own site plan to see how he described it.
It seems quite strange that he would build something is in a spot where one would expect a stair and something which looks like a stair from one side and yet it appears to be a series of landscaped benches.
Very strange.
Thursday, August 23, 2007
The title of this blog post is a quote from Jean-Claude Van Damme's guide to Kowloon Walled City (KWC), as he preps the action star for entry into the dark corridors of the "run-down piece of no-man's land" in Bloodsport. This is a clip I'd seen years ago in the early days of my ongoing KWC obsession (something I won't go into here, though here's a web page I made on KWC for a friend), but found recently when the Walled City started to make its rounds on a few blogs. The clip is probably the best quality moving image of the place, capturing it in a way that books and web sites can't. Enjoy.
2 Comments:
- At Thursday, August 23, 2007 11:55:00 PM, eBohn said...
-
My nuts are duly protected.
And
You've been memed!
And
Wow... hearkening back to a recent post of yours, one of those a few blogs is so smothered in ads and extraneous flippy-flappy that there is absolutely zero content "above the fold." - At Saturday, August 25, 2007 10:45:00 AM, said...
-
i love it! you taught me to appreciate jean-claude van damme...damn....!
Sea Ranch Condominiums in Sonoma County, California by Charles Moore, William Turnbull, Donlyn Lyndon and Richard Whitaker (MLTW Group), 1965.
To contribute your Flickr images for consideration, just:
:: Join and add photos to the archidose pool, and/or
:: Tag your photos archidose
Labels: today's archidose
2 Comments:
- At Thursday, August 23, 2007 7:22:00 PM, alfonso said...
-
i like it very much, the tectonic of the bldg is pretty nice
cheers from iaakuza - At Friday, August 24, 2007 11:05:00 AM, Almost Vegetarian said...
-
This is probably the only instance where it is okay to send the kids to play on the roof!
Very interesting site.
Cheers!
Wednesday, August 22, 2007
Wallpaper* has an exclusive, slide-show preview of the upcoming "Graphic Virtuosity" exhibition of architectural posters from the extensive collection of Canadian architect and architectural historian, Robert G. Hill.

"Hill’s collection was assembled over a 40-year period, between 1960 and 2000, and comprises almost 1,600 posters assembled from museums and institutions in 20 different countries spanning Europe, Asia and North America. The exhibition consequently charts the history of the discipline, taking in key developments over time and around the globe, such as the conceptual representation of architectural ideas and the use of models, drawings and typography, all of which are employed to simultaneously promote the architect and architect’s work."The exhibition runs from 10th September to 8th December at the Erik Arthur Gallery, University of Toronto.
2 Comments:
- At Wednesday, August 22, 2007 12:21:00 PM, Design for MySpace said...
-
john - they have spread a bit of effort in collecting the posters over40 year period
- At Thursday, August 23, 2007 2:45:00 AM, Gaurav said...
-
Good ..
Hey You can view my Blog its also Good
With the recently-started Firm Faces series and my own personal job search, I came across the occasional office using the blog format in various ways, be it for promotion or to express ideas that don't have a home on the firm's proper web page. So I've decided to add this (now) short list to the sidebar (under blogs::offices).
:: ArchimaniaPlease comment if you know of other offices that have their own blogs, and I will add them to the sidebar.
:: hanrahanMeyers Architects
:: Pentagram
:: rolu | dsgn
5 Comments:
- At Wednesday, August 22, 2007 11:46:00 AM, avl said...
-
BUILD blog
http://buildllc.wordpress.com/ - At Thursday, August 23, 2007 9:38:00 AM, said...
-
http://ideasarquitectonicas.blogspot.com/
(in spanish, uruguayan architect Pedro Barran) - At Thursday, August 23, 2007 12:21:00 PM, Srgio said...
-
I know two offices in spanish:
*http://ecosistemaurbano.org/
an extraordinary architecture office from Madrid, Spain.
*http://arquitecturaurbana.awardspace.com/blog/
an architecture office from Lima, Perú. - At Monday, August 27, 2007 9:24:00 PM, said...
-
SEI Design Group Blog
http://www.sei.typepad.com/ - At Monday, April 14, 2008 2:40:00 AM, egle said...
-
Mansilla+Tunon blog:
http://mansilla-tunon.blogspot.com/
Tuesday, August 21, 2007
The New York Times' City Room this week is taking questions for the editors of The Suburbanization of New York, Jerilou and Kingsley Hammett.
Answers have already started to roll out. It appears that familiarity with the book helps, though is not necessary to understand the questions or the answers.

See my review of the book here.
(via Urban Planning Blog)
To stay updated on competitions, this site now has its own Bustler.net page, accessed from the far right sidebar by clicking on the Bustler logo.

Bustler is "all about architecture and architecture-related competitions," and allows readers to comment on the various postings, as well as submitting competitions, need be.
Keeping with the theme of competition, be sure to also check out Death By Architecture, another great page with thorough listings of architecture competitions, as well as other goodies.
Monday, August 20, 2007
My weekly page update:

Nebesa Mountain Retreat in Livek, Slovenia by REAL Engineering.
The updated book feature is Materials for Design, by Victoria Ballard Bell with Patrick Rand.
Some unrelated links for your enjoyment:
Æsthe/tech:Tonik
Architecture/design/art blog that "fall[s] all over the map in relation to what it promotes or denounces." (thanks to Kevin for the head's up; added to sidebar under blogs::architecture)
your abode....environmentally
"architecture, design and construction.....green and sustainable." (added to sidebar under blogs::sustainability)
MuralMania_arch'blog
Architecture blog in Hungarian. (added to sidebar under blogs::architecture)
Saturday, August 18, 2007
Tim Hawkinson's Überorgan installed at the Getty Center in Los Angeles.
To contribute your Flickr images for consideration, just:
:: Join and add photos to the archidose pool, and/or
:: Tag your photos archidose
Labels: today's archidose
2 Comments:
- At Sunday, August 19, 2007 8:15:00 AM, iaakuza said...
-
quite impressive, ... a futuristic scenario if we compare it to the wall/glass of Meier's building
- At Monday, August 20, 2007 9:41:00 AM, Design for MySpace said...
-
very impressive stuff, i won't contribute pics to the flick group but would surely witness amazing pics like these
Friday, August 17, 2007
Chicago magazine announces that "the heydey of Chicago architecture is back," with a compilation of Ten Modern Masterpieces. Their list (below) includes a number of obvious buildings but also a few surprises, though perhaps they are surprises to me due to my one-year absence from the city.

Clockwise from top-left: GARY COMER YOUTH CENTER (2006) by John Ronan Architects, STATE STREET VILLAGE (2003) by Murphy/Jahn Architects, JAY PRITZKER MUSIC PAVILION (2004) by Frank Gehry, THE CONTEMPORAINE (2004) by Perkins + Will, SPERTUS INSTITUTE OF JEWISH STUDIES (late 2007) by Krueck & Sexton Architects, PRITZKER HOUSE (2007) by Wheeler Kearns Architects, REPUBLIC WINDOW & DOOR (1998) Booth Hansen Associates, SOFITEL CHICAGO WATER TOWER (2002) by Jean-Paul Viguier, UBS TOWER (2001) by Lohan Caprile Goettsch (now Goettsch Partners), and SHINGLE HOUSE (2006) by Cohen & Hacker Architects.
Being now an "outsider" to Chicago, it seems to appropriate to comment on the fact only two of the ten projects are by architects outside the city, Frank Gehry's bandshell and Jean-Paul Viguier's Sofitel. In the former, writer Jay Pridmore puts Gehry at odds with Mayor Daley who supposedly "complained of too many eccentricities" in the design, though I recall from an exhibition at the Chicago Cultural Center that Gehry's initial proposal was a simple, arced canopy that the mayor requested to be "jazzed up" for the park, something at odds with this reporting. Of course, my memory does not have a fact checker, which I'm guessing Chicago magazine has a few of.
Regarding the Sofitel, both Pridmore and quotes from the architect assert the building is not a Chicago building. On my weekly page I argued the opposite, that the facade, massing, and plaza react to the city's architectural history, its grid, and its open spaces, further responding to its direct context in sensitive and creative ways. It may not resemble anything before it, but it's still born from the same ideas and restrictions that create a Chicago building, and therefore it's a building to be learned from, if local architects want to continue making "masterpieces."
(via Gapers Block)
2 Comments:
- At Saturday, August 18, 2007 10:28:00 AM, Michelle Linden said...
-
I'm glad to see John Ronan's Youth Center on the list. A former professor of mine, he has long been one of my favorite Chicago architects, if not one of my favorite architects worldwide.
- At Monday, August 20, 2007 8:12:00 AM, Architects India said...
-
Well, the architect scenario is pretty much the same all over the world...I am glad to notice that only two out of ten are not local. The Gehry sure is jazzed up but am sure many were unaware of the fact that it initially was set to be simple and rather drab.
Zaha Hadid drawing or Richard Linklater film?

Here's a hint, as familiar things start to appear:

This should give it away:

Yep, it's a job site, part of Waking Life, Linklater's live-action/animated film on lucid dreams. The job site pan ties together two scenes, one in a bedroom with Julie Delpy and Ethan Hawke, the other with a guy ranting behind prison bars. It's a great film with some astounding animation (drawn over the live, digital movie) appropriate to its subject matter.
1 Comments:
- At Friday, August 17, 2007 12:10:00 PM, iaac said...
-
you are correct... i haven't watched the movie yet but it sounds interesting
Thursday, August 16, 2007
Metropolis takes a look inside 180 Varick Street, a large building in Soho that's home to a number of New York's architecture and design offices. Those featured include 2x4, MASS.com, Michael Sorkin Studio/Terreform, Hargreaves Associates, MESH Architectures, and Thomas Phifer & Partners.








1 Comments:
Hi,I recommend the following URL.
http://air-vents.jugem.jp/
This is impressive photos of Japanese air vents beside buldings.
Post a Comment
<< Home